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The American National Institutes of Health (NIH) has developed a dengue vaccine that proved to be 100% effective in a small trial. The scientists administered the vaccine, known as TV003, to 21 volunteers, and gave another 20 people a placebo vaccine. Six months later, they exposed all 41 volunteers to dengue-2, which is one of the four strains of dengue virus.
They found that all the 20 people who were given the placebo got dengue, but none of the vaccinated people got the disease!
A big step in the battle against dengue.
Dengue, found in the world's tropical and subtropical regions, infects nearly 400 million people in more than 120 countries annually. Most survive with few or no symptoms, but more than 2 million people annually develop dengue hemorrhagic fever, which kills more than 25,000 people each year.
"Control of dengue has certainly been a public health priority for many years, but getting there hasn't really been very easy," said virologist Stephen Whitehead of the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, who spearheaded development of the vaccine.
The vaccine is a single-dose vaccine, which means people only need to get one injection, and not multiple. It was made from a mixture of four live, weakened viruses targeted to each of the four different strains.
If all goes well, the vaccine could be available to us by 2018!
Brazil's Butantan Institute is going to launch a large clinical trial involving 17,000 people to confirm the effectiveness of the vaccine against naturally occurring dengue. Another trial in Bangladesh is scheduled to begin in the next couple of months. If the trial in Brazil goes well, Butantan Institute could have the vaccine widely available by 2018, vaccine researcher Dr. Anna Durbin of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore said.
One dengue vaccine is currently licensed, Sanofi SA's Dengvaxia, with Mexico in December becoming the first country to give it approval. But the three-dose vaccine was approved only for use in a limited population, people ages 9 to 45 who live in areas where the disease is endemic, meaning younger children and tourists could not get it, and questions remain about its effectiveness.
Merck and Co has exclusive rights to the new vaccine in the United States, Canada, China, Japan and the EU and can export it to any country except Brazil, where the Butantan Institute has exclusive rights. Two Indian companies, Serum Institute of India and Panacea Biotec Ltd, will have non-exclusive rights to develop the vaccine for India and for export to a few other countries.
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